Madelungs Rule Definition and Example

Should Xenotransplantation Be Allowed Essay - 1366 Words

Topic: Xenotransplantation (Animal to Human Transplants) Research Question: Should Xenotransplantation be allowed? (Animal parts transferred into Humans) Introduction: Scientists have developed a way for a pig heart to be transplanted into a baboon, which has been living for more than a year. This breakthrough means that sometime soon, we may be able to use pig hearts for human bodies, when we don’t have any human parts to spare. For this investigation, I am going to find out how Xenotransplantation works, people who are for and against Xenotransplantation and why, and also I will include my own opinion in this investigation. Biological Process/Concept: Living body parts from animals are taken, then put into a humans to replace a body part that has stopped working, such as a human heart being replaced with a pig heart. Whether it’s a human or an animal transplant, after the transplant you are going to have to take Immunosuppressant Drugs to allow your body to live wit h the new organ in your system. If you don’t take these drugs, your new organ will be treated like a freeloading germ - it attacks . The Immunosuppressant drugs allow your body to accept the new organ, but it will also make you more vulnerable to infections as by allowing your new organ to be in your body, you are blocking your body defenses. Biological and Social implications: Xenotransplantation is a really good idea, as it could help keep humans alive when there aren t any donors availableShow MoreRelatedShould Animals Suffer And Be Harmed For The Sake Of Keeping Someone Alive Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesIMPLICATIONS: Ethically, Xenotransplantation goes against a lot of different views from people. People link this to why should the animals suffer and be harmed for the sake of keeping someone alive. However, it also raises the view of the suffering family and friends of those who have to suffer an illness like diabetes, where is the balance between animal suffering and human benefit? The main ethical view is why should animals suffer when it isn’t certain if it will benefit humans? However, howRead MoreShould Animal s Organ Be Used For Human Transplantation?1036 Words   |  5 PagesShould animal’s organ be used for human transplantation? Xenotransplantation: a subject about which people hold strong contrasting views. Rare attempts have been made to transplant animal organs or tissues into human beings since the early years of this century. Curiosity surrounding the procedure known as Xenotransplantation has increased in the last few years because it is seen as one way of reducing the shortage of human organs for transplantation. Currently, this shortage strictly edges theRead MoreCoronary Artery Disease1327 Words   |  6 PagesAustralia has a very low donation rate. This situation has led some people from the government to come up with the idea of forcing everyone to participate in donor organ programs. Personally, I would not agree with this, because I think people should be allowed to have choices as individuals. Everyone’s body parts belong to themselves, so whether or not people want to give them away are their own decision, not the government’s. Some religions may also go against the act of don ating organs, althoughRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of Xenotransplantation And The Catholic Churches Essay1765 Words   |  8 PagesI will be discussing the ethical issue of Xenotransplantation and the Catholic Churches response to it. Xenotransplantation is a procedure involving the transplantation of live cells, organs and tissues from nonhumans into humans. It provides an alternative way to treat serious and fatal diseases such as Alzheimer s, diabetes and Parkinson s disease. It also poses as a solution for the ongoing problem of organ shortage. Generally, Xenotransplantation is a reoccurring ethical issue as this specificRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Organs3494 Words   |  14 Pagesadvancing genetic engineering, this will pave the way for other pig organs being able to be used successfully for human transplant patients. The process of taking tissues or organs from a nonhuman and transplanting them into a human is called xenotransplantation. While the concept of using animal organs in humans may sound really futuristic, these types of procedures date back to over a century ago. Back in 1902, a physician named Emmerich Ullman tried to save a patient that was dying of kidney failureRead More Cloning - It’s Time for Organ Farms Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pages1   As a result of this shortage, there has been a tremendous demand for research in alternative methods of organ transplantation.   Private companies are racing to develop these technologies with an estimated market of six billion dollars.2   Xenotransplantation, or cross-species organ transplantation, appears to be the most likely solution in the near future, and cloned pigs are the main candidates.   Pigs and humans have remarkable similarities in physiology, which along with cloning makes pigs strongRead MoreThe Debate Over Embry onic Stem Cell Research1710 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the government should fund the stem cell research not only for the benefits it adds to scientific fields but also for its contribution toward the wellbeing of humankind such as the prevention and treatment of a lot of diseases, as well as making new and efficient drugs. On the other hand, opponents argue that the embryonic stem cells should be considered as human lives; they deserve the same respect and protection everyone else has. Therefore, the money of the taxpayers should not fund and promoteRead MoreAnimal Cloning Essay2148 Words   |  9 Pagescloning needs only one cell and without sex. Cloning, as of recent years, has become a very controversial issue in society but cloning can have several positive effects for the well being of society. Many people in society believe that scientists should develop a clone human but many people and especially the government are against human cloning. Hundreds of cloned animals exist to day including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. In the last 50 years, techniques such as inRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Engineered Crops1626 Words   |  7 Pagesfarmers usually used. By the year 2001, the genetically engineered cotton was alleged to have accounted for almost half the cotton produced in China (Ronald 51-52). The people opposed to genetic engineering also say genetic engineering techniques should not be used because they could cause unforeseen problems. All new treatments and medicine have the opportunity to either cause problems or benefit the future. Everything has a chance to impact the future in a negative or positive way. Because geneticRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Field Of Biomedical Research1710 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences are not avoidable, scientists can still make the effort in reducing the duration and the severity. Another moral duty to these animals is by having scientific integrity in regards to their use (Tannenbaum). This means that scientists should only be allowed to perform genetic engineering on animals when they have an accurate scientific knowledge based on a defensible hypothesis, about the possible discoveries their studies hold (Tannenbaum). Even before the discovery of genetic engineering

Teen Pregnancy and Ways to Prevent It Free Essays

Teen pregnancy is an important issue all over the country. This is an ongoing problem that must be dealt with. Teenage pregnancy can ruin a teen’s life and also the life of an infant. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Pregnancy and Ways to Prevent It or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper I will discuss the many aspects of teenage pregnancy and how it affects the life of a teenager. Each year in the US almost 1 million teens become pregnant. While the facts are clear, the issues of teenage pregnancy are complicated. Talk of sex is everywhere in our society and young girls are portrayed as sex objects. Sex is used to sell everything from clothing to news and yet people are shocked at the rising number of teenagers who are sexually active. The concern about the welfare of infants and adolescents is so much that we must move beyond the denial and distinguish effective solutions that require us to come to a solution. Nowadays it is becoming more familiar to a teenager to be engaged in sexual activities. They have unprotected sex and have multiple partners. Today’s society is more open about the subject of sex than ever before. It is all over the television, the internet, and even on the radio and in music videos. It is all over the media and therefore teens believe it is ok to be promiscuous and do not think about the consequences they could face with an unexpected pregnancy and how much it will change their lives forever. Even though the best way to prevent a pregnancy is to be abstinent, there are many teens under a lot of pressure to have sex and engage in it quite frequently. Many seek the love and affection that they normally do not get at home and they usually find it in the form of sex with whomever they can get the attention from. They usually have a poor home life or low self esteem and may just be looking for love and acceptance in the form of sex to feel loved. Teenagers need encouragement to abstain from sex all together and they need to be given more information on the prevention of pregnancy if they are to become sexually active. Teens need to constantly hear strong messages about being responsible if they decide to engage in sexual activity. Parents should be the primary givers of these messages to guide them in the right direction. If teens are given positive life options then they are given hope for their futures as well as the motivation to avoid early pregnancies. Teen pregnancy has been an issue for many years. Even with all of the education on the subject it is still an issue that continues to be on the rise. There are lots of parents that don’t sit down and talk openly with their kids about sex and all of the consequences of their actions if faced with a pregnancy. Some teens don’t have the parental guidance they need to make the right choices, either because of single parent households that the parent works so much and does not have the time or can pay as much attention to them as the teen may like or parents that just plain don’t care what their kids are doing. Some of these kids go looking for love in all the wrong places and just want to fit in anywhere they can. They don’t think of the consequences if they are making bad choices. The best way to prevent teen pregnancies is to not only teach them about abstinence but also to inform them about the risks they could face if they chose to have unprotected sex or any kind of sex at all. They should be taught all of their options about being safe if they chose to make the decision to have sex. Some of these teachings should include what protected sex is and how it not only prevents them from an unwanted pregnancy but also from STD’s. Teen pregnancy rates in the United States have jumped for the first time in more than a decade and a campaign mandated by the government to reduce the issue is faltering (Stein, 2010). There are lots of political debates on teen pregnancy and the biggest debate is whether or not the federally funded programs on teaching teens abstinence are working or not and several experts blame the increase in teen pregnancies on sex education programs that focus on encouraging abstinence (Stein, 2010), instead of also teaching the use of contraceptives. Critics also argued that the disturbing data of the rise in teen pregnancies were just the latest in a long series of indications that the focus on abstinence programs was a dismal failure (Stein). Abstinence –only programs received more than $100 million in federal funding annually and $50 million in federal funding was given to states that utilized such programs (Medical News Today). James Wagoner, president of Advocates for Youth thinks that abstinence-only programs deny young people life-saving information about condoms and other forms of prevention. They should be taught all of their options about being safe from an unwanted pregnancy and STD’s, because by teaching abstinence only obviously is not working. Teens don’t realize that having a baby is a lot of responsibility financially as well as physically and mentally and they are not fully prepared to take on those responsibilities. So then it either falls in the hands of the teen’s parents or in the taxpayers in the form of welfare. Many teens that get pregnant not only suffer in school or drop out but they also could face other problems such as social or mental problems. Socially teen mothers have very limited social contact or friendships because their friends have moved on in school and with their social lives. The teen mother has little or no time for a social life because all of their time is focused on their child. Another problem they face is because of the lack of social interactions it could lead to depression or some sort of mental anxiety. Teens do have many options if they are faced with an unexpected pregnancy. Many unfortunately have abortions. There is also the option of giving the baby up for adoption; this would be the best option as it gives another family the chance at raising a child that they otherwise could not have of their own. That child may grow up very healthy and happy as opposed to growing up unwanted and possibly in poverty. According to The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists adolescent mothers are significantly less likely to receive a high school diploma than teens that wait to have sex. They are also more likely to live in poverty, receive public assistance, and have long periods of welfare dependency. (The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists). Teen Childbearing in the US costs federal, state, and local taxpayers at least $9. billion annually (Hoffman). Other issues of teen pregnancy is that it can be physically difficult for a teen girl to go through a pregnancy because she is still growing herself and her body may not be able to take the physical demand of being pregnant. They are less likely to seek medical attention such as prenatal care because many are afraid to tell their parents and it could prolong the much needed early prenatal care and if there are problems in the pregnancy, they could have been avoided with early care. Other problems could be that the teen may have been smoking or drinking or doing drugs at the time of conception and those things could be harmful to the baby. In turn if the baby is harmed there will more likely be added medical expenses before during and even after delivery. Some of the most obvious consequences of a teenage pregnancy is that the baby will not receive the adequate support it needs either financially or emotionally because the mother or father has not fully matured and usually has dropped out of school to take a meaningless job that pay minimum wage. Often times the baby will suffer from emotional problems ecause the parent or parents also have emotional problems from not being mature enough to raise a child. Some teenagers feel burdened by the child because they never had the chance to live out their teenage years and many times the child of these parents could feel this resentment. Another negative aspect could be that the children of teenage parents could suffer from neglect because the parent hasn’t matured enough to recognize the need for proper nutrition, or medical care or the child is usually left in the care of others while they go out, regardless of whether that person is trustworthy or not. Children of teenage mothers have significantly higher odds of placement in certain special education classes and significantly higher occurrence of milder education problems, but when maternal education, marital status, poverty level, and race are controlled, the detrimental effects disappear and even some protective effects are observed (Sams). In conclusion a teenager is not fully equipped to care for a child and there could be devastating consequences for that child to be raised by a teenager whether it is because of financial burdens or emotional problems. Teenagers need to be made aware of all of these consequences and what could happen to them if they make the wrong choice of having sex before they are ready. References http://www.articlealley.com/article_479589_17.html How to cite Teen Pregnancy and Ways to Prevent It, Essay examples

Domestic Abuse Essay Research Paper DOMESTIC ABUSEFor free essay sample

Domestic Abuse Essay, Research Paper DOMESTIC ABUSE For Margaret, 14 old ages of maltreatment came to an terminal one dark when her hubby eventually got excessively intoxicated to wholly command his actions, he hit his girl. This is what it took for the constabulary to take her hubby to imprison, and give her the restraining order she had so urgently wanted for old ages. Her hubby had no anterior felon record, was a 20 four twelvemonth Mariene, had a good occupation, and a batch of friends. After his apprehension, he said the ground he did it was because Margaret had hid his intoxicant. Why do people mistreat their spouses, and why do the abused spouses stay in the relationships? Maltreatment and force are largely about control, the maltreater commanding the abused, either emotionally, physically, verbally, or mentally. Many physiologists agree that there is a rhythm of maltreatment. A adult male will mistreat a adult female, so demo compunction, so becomes even more violent. We will write a custom essay sample on Domestic Abuse Essay Research Paper DOMESTIC ABUSEFor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most adult females in these relationships believe that the maltreatment is because they are making something incorrect, so they try to delight the adult male, but nil will delight him, and so they mistake his possessiveness for love, and let the rhythm to reiterate itself. The typical male maltreater is non usually violent. He is usually insecure and covetous, and uses the maltreatment to do himself experience in control, more powerful, and is prone to adictiveness. The figure of adult females that get taken by these work forces is outstanding. Husbands, ex-husbands, and fellows kill about 1,400 adult females every twelvemonth, and three to four million adult females are battered by their spouses. Statisticss say that one in every three adult females will be abused in their grownup life-times, and force will happen at least one time in two-thirds of all matrimonies. In the united provinces, a adult female is more likely to be assaulted, injured, raped or killed by a male spouse than by any other type of attacker, and married woman whipping consequences in more hurts that require medical attending than colza, mugging, and car accidents combined, and during the six months following a domestic force incident, about 30 two per centum of adult females are v ictimized once more. Domestic force doesn t merely affect work forces mistreating adult females though, about five per centum of reported instances are filed by work forces. Sociological reattach suggests that despite work forces exposing more aggressive inclinations outside of domestic relationships, adult females are merely every bit likely to originate physically opprobrious Acts of the Apostless with in the family. One position on the maltreatment issue, and why it continues, is that our society has ignored the job, or blamed the victim, go forthing no room for an easy flight. So what keeps an abused individual in the opprobrious relationship? Greg Clayton, a professor at Brown University says it is of import to concentrate on the household background and cultural factors when looking at domestic maltreatment. Society and civilization have a batch to make with why a adult female would remain in an opprobrious relationship, every bit good as why the work forces are opprobrious. Men don T have a batch of resorts for managing their choler in most societies, doing them to take out their choler in the place. Besides, work forces that witness their male parents being opprobrious towards their female parents are one thousand times more likely to be opprobrious towards their spouses, and adult females who witnessed their female parents being abused are more likely to be victims. Besides, black adult fe males are more likely to seek aid than white adult females, and black adult females are more probably to kill their spouse, and Judaic adult females are more likely to remain in an opprobrious relationship than non-Jewish adult females are. But irrespective of cultural and societal groupings, idiot marks are apparent in about all opprobrious relationships. The national naval medical centre has made a checklist of marks to look for in an opprobrious personality: Jealousy- The maltreater will take a firm stand that the green-eyed monster is a mark of love, but it is a mark of possessiveness, and deficiency of trust. Controling behavior- The maltreater will often take a firm stand that a demand to command is based on a concern for the safety of the victim. Quick involvement- Many battered adult females dated or knew their maltreater for less than six months before they married or lived together. Unrealistic expectations- opprobrious people expect their spouses to full make full all their demands. They want the perfect individual. Isolation- The opprobrious individual attempts to forestall the victim from seeing friends and household. Hypersensitivity- Abusers are easy insulted. Rather than admit choler, they claim their feelings are hurt, and see everything as a personal onslaught. Past battering- Abusers often claim that past force was the victims mistake, this is about neer true. Most adult females who stay in opprobrious relationships do so because they feel trapped. After come ining a relationship that seems normal, a adult female may finally be faced with a spouse who exhibits green-eyed monster and unfavorable judgment. The adult female will get down to oppugn herself, and wonder if it s her mistake. When physical maltreatment takes topographic point, the adult female doesn t want to go forth the house, because she doesn T want anyone to see her contusions and know, so she becomes stray and down. Shame, confusion, and embarrassment, are lone portion of the obstruction confronting adult females who may desire to acquire aid, but feel unable to make so. Some people see marriage guidance as a solution, but harmonizing to most experts, it may decline the job. Clinical phycologyst, and manager for the domestic force institute says that come ining into reding to cover with maltreatment suggests that both spouses have contributed to the job, when in most instances that isn t true. Guidance may really take to the maltreater feeling validated in his thought that the maltreatment was the spouse s mistake. It is besides likely that the maltreater will be so enraged by the thought of guidance, that while he will move nice for the councilor, will take out his aggression on the victim one time they get place. Experts besides say that work forces may utilize guidance as a manner to entice the adult females back, stating they will alter. The married woman may be taken by her hubby s appeal, and sincere attempt to alter, and the rhythm will get down all over once more. Possibly most significantly, domestic maltreatment makes for high hazard of homicide. Womans who are abused are much more likely to be killed by their current of former spouse than adult females who are non abused. Sometimes there is an addition of menaces and force before a homicide, but non ever, so there is neer a manner to cognize when the force is traveling to be taken to far. Helping the victim realize that the best forecaster of future force is past force is really of import. When there is even one occurrence of force a critical line has been passed in a relationship. It must be assumed that the maltreatment will go on, and that any maltreatment will non be permitted.

Alcoholism a Disease or Choice free essay sample

As is the case with other addictions, alcoholism is considered a disease by many in the medical community, including the American Medical Association. A drawback to framing alcoholism as a disease is that we tend to think of diseases as something that needs to be diagnosed by a professional, Young said. However, physicians often only meet with patients for a short time and cannot possibility have the same insight into an individuals habits as she herself. 1. Dont miss these Health stories 1. US races to make bird flu vaccine – just in case Less than two weeks after Chinese officials released the genetic sequence of a new type of bird flu, U. S. vaccine experts are well on the way to making a vaccine to protect people against it. 2. 1 in 4 skin cancer survivors skips sunscreen, study finds 3. A few see music all around them (literally) . Bad Picture Monday: Unflattering pics spur movement 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholism a Disease or Choice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ADHD diagnosis in kids can spotlight parents own condition I know of addicts who have been able to get a professional to tell them they are not addicted, and then use that as justification to continue their excessive drinking, Young said. The disease model also gives the false impression that alcoholism is solely a biological disorder, Young said, leading some researchers tend to adopt a narrow view, focusing on particular chemicals or brain cells that might be involved. We tend to look at smaller and smaller parts of the human body, and the human mind and the human brain, to find the cause of something, Young said. In doing so, we lose sight of the bigger picture, including social and cultural influences that may play a role in alcoholism development. Factors including who you spend time with, how many liquor stores are near you and your religious affiliation all are linked with how much you drink, Young said. Solutions Young said he prefers to use the word allergy to describe alcoholism. It is less threatening to consider the idea that one ight have an allergy than to consider the idea that one might be permanently diseased, Young said. With alcoholism, theres a dichotomy — you either are [an alcoholic] or yo ure not. And that sort of marks you as an individual — youre either normal or youre deviant. Young said. With allergies, the deviance is much less significant. In addition, drinkers should not feel they have to leave their diagnosis to a physician. People should give weight to their own experiences, including what they perceive their drinking is doing to their lives, Young said. Advertise | AdChoices Advertise | AdChoices Advertise | AdChoices Other experts point out that the problem of disease stigmatization or identity crisis is not unique to alcoholism. It really doesnt matter what illness you have; people have a sense of loss, said Dr. Ihsan Salloum, chief of the Division of Alcohol and Drug abuse at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; who also called the Youngs article more philosophical than scientific. The disease model has helped us understand alcoholism and develop drugs for the condition, Salloum said. However, Salloum agreed there is a need to take into account subjectivity when diagnosing and treating the condition. When somebody is suffering, its not only the organ thats suffering, its the whole person, Salloum said. If doctors want to help patients accept their diagnosis as an alcoholic, they should work to understand how the patient is processing whats happening to him or her, Salloum said. Pass it on: Viewing alcoholism as a disease may create problems in terms of diagnosing, treating and understanding the condition.

With close reference to language examine how fitting a close Act 5 scene II forms to the play Essays

With close reference to language examine how fitting a close Act 5 scene II forms to the play Essays With close reference to language examine how fitting a close Act 5 scene II forms to the play Paper With close reference to language examine how fitting a close Act 5 scene II forms to the play Paper the Queen Gertrude and Claudius himself are dead. These characters meet their end either through carnal, bloody, and unnatural acts, accidental judgements, casual slaughters or Of deaths put on by cunning and forcd cause. When Hamlet puts Denmark in the hands of Fortinbras and dies on the throne, he is bringing an end to all the corruption that Denmark suffered during Claudiuss reign. Hence we see that Act 5 scene ii, is a fitting close to the play Hamlet because, all the relationships, corruption and plotting that had begun in the beginning of the play has come to a halt, and has ended. We are given a last insight into the characters of Claudius and Gertrude, in their dying lines. O my dear Hamlet! The drink, the drink! I am poisond. We see her love for her son Hamlet. And her loyalty toward Claudius, even while on her death bed she wont give away his secret; that he has poisoned the wine to kill Hamlet. O yet defend me, friends. I am but hurt. Very characteristic of Claudius, who was possessive of the power and authority he had gained by killing his brother. He is so possessive of the power and authority that he is not willing to give it up, even when he is dying. The most important element that makes this scene a fitting close to the play is the restoration of order into the troubled state of Denmark. In his dying speech Hamlet hands over Denmarks Sovereignty to Fortinbras. This would have put the Elizabethan audiences mind at rest, as they strongly believed in order; and considered it extremely essential in the running of a country.

Human Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Human Sexuality - Essay Example Men do not seem to have as many body images as women do. Men and women do think about their bodies differently. Men seem to be more confident that women. I believe this is a society stereotype. Men are never portrayed as too old. An example would be Hugh Hefner. Despite looking like an old man, Hefner is always surrounded by young women. Not just one young devotee, but Hefner is dating three or four women at a time. I believe in this instance it is Hefner’s confidence, not his looks that make him appealing to women. His money does not hurt either. On the other hand, when an older woman dates or marries a younger man, like Demi Moore and Ashton Kutcher, the woman is a cougar. Even Demi has tried to keep up a youthful image with cosmetic surgeries. Women are more pressured to look young. Another way that men and women differ about their body image is weight. An overweight man can still attract women. In restaurants or in public I have observed fat men show up with a date more than fat women. This is reflected in the media as well. For example Kevin James, James Gandolfini, and other actors are shown with skinny partners on and off the screen. They also get more press than heavy female stars. I also feel that race has to do with body image. African American women are more comfortable with their bodies than white women. No matter the size, African American women wear makeup, dress up, and portray a sense of pride. Heavier white women tend to wear baggy clothes, no makeup, and try to hide themselves from society. Black men seem to accept heavier women and find that more attractive. White men want skinny women with big breasts. Another body image point that Americans perpetrate is the tanned blonde that stands about 5’10 and weighs about 100 lbs. Ethnic models are sometimes accepted if blue eyed, but dark black models are discouraged. Ethnic hair is also discouraged. African American women wear wigs and straighten their hair. I